The Call to Arms

Rodin submitted this design for a public monument commemorating the defense of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71). It was roundly rejected, which Rodin later attributed to its portrayal of violence: “Despite all my efforts, despite the life which, I believe, animates my group . . . I was not even considered. . . .[It] must have appeared too violent, too intense.” The composition features a wounded soldier falling to the ground, gazing up at the Genius of War. Her wings, outstretched arms, and bare breasts recall ancient sculptures of Victory, while her Phrygian bonnet— a conical cap— alludes to the triumph of the French Revolution (1789–99) and symbolizes liberty. Though inspired by many precedents, Rodin’s group specifically recalls François Rude’s relief on the side of the Arc de Triomphe, March of the Volunteers of 1792 (La Marseillaise), 1833–36, which is also surmounted by a winged figure of war.