The Dream of Telemachus, from The Adventures of Telemachus, Book 4

These twelve drawings depict scenes from the French novel The Adventures of Telemachus (Les aventures de Télémaque) by François Fénelon. First published in 1699, it was one of the most popular books of the 1700s and 1800s.Telemachus is the son of Ulysses from Homer’s Odyssey, the first four books of which describe the hero’s search for his father. Fénelon invented further adventures for Telemachus, in which he undergoes many trials while accompanied by his tutor, Mentor, who is actually the goddess Minerva (the embodiment of wisdom) in human disguise. A scathing critique of autocratic government and a diatribe against war, the book denounces luxury and decadence and calls for the simplicity and equality Fénelon believed ancient Greece best exemplified.Pinelli illustrated scenes from books 1–8 and one scene from book 18, and probably planned to illustrate more from the 24 books of the text. Throughout, he celebrates the heroic nude, displaying a deep knowledge of ancient Roman sculpture. His style, influenced by Jacques-Louis David and John Flaxman, is characterized by bold, almost cartoonish contours, monochromatic washes, and frieze-like arrangements of figures.Freed from Egyptian captivity, Telemachus sails to Tyre, where he is warned of imminent danger; he leaves Tyre on a ship bound for Cyprus. During the voyage, Telemachus dreams that Minerva, goddess of Wisdom, protects him from Venus (who appears in her dove-drawn chariot) and her son Cupid, who attempts to pierce him with his arrow. He also dreams that Mentor, whose location is still unknown, tells him to flee from decadent Cyprus, an island devoted to Venus. On Cyprus, Telemachus is reunited with Mentor.