Jeffrey Smart

b. 1921 — d. 2013

Jeffrey Smart was an expatriate Australian painter acclaimed for his [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/artists-by-art-movement/precisionism#!#resultType:masonry]precisionist[/url] urban and industrial landscapes. He applied a sharply defined style and hypergeometric compositional logics to the realist depiction of cityscapes. Smart spent most of his artistic life in Italy. There, he developed a peculiar aesthetic that combined a modernist visual vocabulary, originated in the context of 1940s Australian and American Modernism, with references to [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/artists-by-art-movement/high-renaissance#!#resultType:masonry]High Renaissance[/url] art and deeply personal meanings. Road signs, oil drums and blank façades of ordinary buildings are the most recurring elements in Smart's puzzling landscapes. With their absolute clarity, linearity and stillness, Smart's works are infused with mystery, mood, and ambiguity, inviting the viewer to contemplate on the symbolic meaning of everyday objects. Smart was born in Adelaide in 1921. His early fascination with drawing, architecture, and painting led him to enter the Adelaide Teachers College in 1939 and enroll part-time on the [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/artists-by-art-institution/south-australian-school-of-design-adelaide#!#resultType:masonry]South Australian School of Arts and Crafts. [/url]In this period, Smart visited the studio of Adelaide-based artist [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/dorrit-black]Dorrit Black[/url], who introduced him to the rules of dynamic symmetry, as seen in the work of the Old Masters and developed by avant-garde artists such as [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/paul-cezanne]Cézanne[/url], [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/georges-braque]Braque[/url], and [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/fernand-leger]Léger[/url]. The 1940s were a period of artistic growth and raise to fame for Smart, who started to exhibit in group shows alongside other emergent Australian artists, including [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/jacqueline-hick]Jacqueline Hick[/url] and [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/horace-trenerry]Horace Trennery[/url], and was given in his first solo show at [i]Kosminsky Gallery[/i] in Melbourne in 1944. Smart described his works from this early period as "snippets of nature" that required no more than three or four hours to complete. [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/jeffrey-smart/water-towers-1944][i]Water towers[/i][/url] (1944) and [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/jeffrey-smart/keswick-siding-1945][i]Keswick Siding[/i][/url] (1945) exemplify Smart's early sketchy style and use of earth tones. In 1945, Smart painted [i]The Waste Land I[/i] (1945) and [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/jeffrey-smart/wastelands][i]The Waste Land II[/i][/url] (1945). These desolate rural views, inspired by T.S. Eliot's poem of the same name, point to the development of the artist’s distinctive hyper-clear and timeless version of landscape painting. Between 1948 and 1950, Smart travelled to America and Europe, and then moved in Paris in 1949 to study at the Académie Montmartre under Fernand Léger. His several visits to European museum collections in this period will bring Smart to become particularly fascinated with the art of [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/giovanni-bellini]Giovanni Bellini[/url], [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/giorgione]Giorgione[/url], and especially [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/piero-della-francesca]Piero della Francesca[/url], whose clarity of forms and rigorous use of perspective will influence Smart's works indelibly. Upon his return to Australia in 1951, the artist settled in Sydney, where he will remain for the next twelve years. In the same year he won the Commonwealth Jubilee Prize for his painting [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/jeffrey-smart/wallaroo-1951][i]Wallaroo[/i][/url] (1951). This scene of daily life from the copper-mining Australian town of Wallaroo was praised for its atmospheric effect and balanced composition. During his years in Sydney, Smart also worked as an art teacher and art critic at the [i]Daily Telegraph[/i] while continuing to paint landscapes. Works from this period, such as [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/jeffrey-smart/cooper-park-i-1962][i]Cooper Park I[/i][/url] (1962) and [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/jeffrey-smart/cahil-expressway-1962][i]The Cahil Expressway[/i][/url] (1962) mark the beginning of Smart's mature style, characterized by an increased hyper-clarity and meticulously crafted compositions. The 1963 was a crucial year in the artistic and personal life of the artist, who resumed his travels around Europe and permanently moved to Rome with Australian artist and partner [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/ian-bent]Ian Bent[/url]. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Smart's artistic career gained momentum thanks to prominent solo shows and exhibitions in his homeland and around the world, such as the 1967 solo exhibition at the [i]Redfern Gallery[/i] in London and the inclusion in the American touring group show [i]The Australian painters 1964- 1966: Contemporary Australian Painting from the Mertz Collection[/i]. Between 1969 and 1970, Smart painted his largest work, [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/jeffrey-smart/all-works#!#filterName:Series_city-landscapes-1970,resultType:masonry][i]City landscapes[/i][/url] (1969-1970), a series of panels for the dining-room of the Sydney house of Tony and Sandra McGrath. The commission was designed and overseen by Smart, but Ian Bent executed much of the details. The mural depicts a tall hedge of yellow, withering spikes blocking the view into a bleak cityscape delimited by a leaden, threatening sky. In 1971, Smart purchased a farmhouse in Posticcia Nuova in the countryside of Arezzo, a small town in Tuscany, where he will remain for the rest of his life. The move to Tuscany marks the beginning of the most prolific period in the artist's career. Starting from the 1970s, Smart dedicated himself to interpreting the landscape of modern Italy, mixing his own personal and imaginary relationship with the land with a crystal-clear recording of precise details of climate, life, and landscape. Paintings from the 1970s and 1980s, such as [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/jeffrey-smart/the-arezzo-turn-off-ii][i]The Arezzo turn-off II[/i][/url] (1973) and [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/jeffrey-smart/the-dome][i]The Dome[/i][/url] (1977), show repeating architectural motifs, geometric shapes, and highly-controlled patterns of light and shadow as guiding principles in the creation of rigidly structured compositions. While most of Smart's artistic production includes landscapes, in the 1980s and early 1990s the artist also worked on a small number of portraits and self-portraits, in which he staged a stark contrast between accurate likenesses and visionary urban contexts, as seen in [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/jeffrey-smart/portrait-of-germaine-greer-1984][i]Portrait of Germaine Greer[/i][/url] (1984), [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/jeffrey-smart/self-portrait-at-papinis-1985][i]Self-portrait at Papini’s[/i][/url] (1984-1985), and [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/jeffrey-smart/portrait-of-clive-james-1992][i]Portrait of Clive James[/i][/url] (1991-92). A sketch the artist took during a train journey of the platform at the English station of Ashford transformed into [url href=https://www.wikiart.org/en/jeffrey-smart/matisse-at-ashford-2004][i]Matisse at Ashford[/i][/url] (2004), one of his most relevant works from his later years. Struck by the motif of a series of posters advertising an exhibition of Matisse’s cut-outs, Smart later reworked this fleeting recollection into a rigid grid of horizontal and vertical lines dominated by the rhythmic arrangement of the billboards and a cool palette. The artist died in Arezzo in 2013 at the age of ninety-two. Even though he lived as an expatriate for most of his life, the majority his works is now housed by Australian museums and galleries. [i]by Caterina Franciosi[/i]